Knowledge base

Git and GitHub are available at Infomaniak with all accommodation offers on...

• … Shared Web Hosting
• … Managed Cloud Server

and of course the offer Jelastic Cloud which will allow you a integration in depth versioning.

This guide explains how to resolve anomalies that may appear with a Web hosting if the computer has undergone changes in its IP address (e.g. server displacement) and your computer keeps the old position in its DNS cache.

Emptying the DNS cache...

When you visit a website, your computer stores in local memory an association between the domain name and its IP address in the DNS cache. This makes it possible to speed up the DNS resolution process during future visits to the same site, as the computer can avoid looking back at DNS servers to get the IP address.

By emptying the DNS cache, you force your computer to again query DNS servers to get the latest up-to-date information on the IP addresses of the sites you visit.

... on Windows

1. Open the menu Start.
2. Type cmd.
3. In the search results, click on Call for orders.
4. Run the command ipconfig /flushdns.

... on macOS

1. Open it Terminal.
2. Run the command lookupd -flushcache (in case of failure: dscacheutil -flushcache).

... on Linux

1. Open it Terminal.
2. Run the command sudo systemctl restart nscd or sudo /etc/init.d/nscd restart to reinvigorate nscd.

This guide explains how to establish the first SSH connection to your VPS Cloud / VPS Lite.

Running a command with root privileges

You need to enter sudo -i to load the full root environment, giving you a complete interactive session as root with root's home directory and environment variables. Learn more

on macOS or Linux

To connect, you need to open a Terminal window and enter the following command:

ssh -i [key path] [user]@[server]

• [key path] = link to the file containing the private key; as a reminder, when ordering your VPS Cloud / VPS Lite, you were prompted to generate a key pair or upload your own public key (permissions should be sufficient, e.g., 0700)
• [user] = see below for default usernames
• [server] = server's IPv4 address (indicated on the Manager)

Example: ssh -i c:/path/key ubuntu@192.168.1.1

In case of "WARNING: UNPROTECTED PRIVATE KEY FILE!" error, run the command chmod 400 [key path].

on Windows

Windows does not allow native SSH connections: enable Bash shell (Windows 10 minimum) or download the following two free software: PuTTY & PuTTYgen

To start, your private key needs to be converted for use with PuTTY.

To do this, open PuTTYgen and click the "Load" button to load your private key. Then save your private key using the "Save private key" button.

Now open PuTTY and provide the following details:

Under Session (on the left panel):

• [HostName] = server's IPv4 address (indicated on the Manager)
• [Port] = leave the default port, which is 22
• [Connection type] = specify "SSH" here

Under Connection / SSH / Auth (on the left panel):

• load your private key generated via PuTTYgen using the "Browse" button under "Private key file for authentication"
• press the "Open" button at the bottom of the window, a terminal will open and ask for your username (user = see below)

Default [user] usernames for unmanaged Cloud servers:

Table of Linux distributions

This guide allows you to “unlock” any Windows setting blocked by the message “Some settings are hidden or managed by your organization” (such as changing the wallpaper, for example) and to lift these default restrictions in place on the VPS Cloud / VPS Lite server offer.

Reset Local Group Policy Settings

To reset all local group policy settings to their default values:

1. open the command prompt as an administrator

2. enter the following commands:

   RD /S /Q "%windir%\System32\GroupPolicyUsers"
   RD /S /Q "%windir%\System32\GroupPolicy"
   gpupdate /force

3. restart the machine

This guide explains how to run the open source dependency manager Compose 1 and 2 using an SSH command.

Preamble

• Compose is an open source dependencies manager for PHP that manages libraries and packages required for a specific PHP project.
• It allows developers to define the libraries their application needs and install them consistently, making it easier to manage dependencies for complex PHP applications.
• As of version 2.2 of Compose, it is necessary to have at least PHP 7.2.5.

Run Composer

To use Compose on your hosting, you need to connect to your server via SSH and install Compose on your accommodation by indicating the following order:

Composer

... for Compose 1.x!
 

Composer2

... for Compose Two!

You can also use the following alias to install the version compatible with the PHP version in place on your hosting:

Composer --version

... which will give e.g. Composer version 2.5.0 2022-12-20 10:44:08

Composer_php5.6 --version

... will give Composer version 1.8.6 2019-06-11 15:03:05

This guide explains the differences between Web hosting offers Infomaniak to help you choose the best accommodation solution according to your needs.

Starter Accommodation

Free web hosting

Accommodation Starter is offered free of charge with each domain name registered with Infomaniak. It offers 10 MB of disk space in order to create a site (basic pages in HTML language only - no PHP, no database) even without particular knowledge thanks to the tool Welcome page.

• Save or transfer a domain name at Infomaniak
• Read more on the benefits included with a domain name

Shared Web Hosting

The flagship offer to create your sites

These accommodations are shared accommodation (websites will be hosted on servers whose resources are shared with other clients). To ensure the reliability of these shared services, Infomaniak servers use on average only 40% of the power of CPUs and are equipped with the latest generation of professional SSDs.

Web hosting offers 250 GB of minimum disk space and allows to manage multiple websites with multiple domain names. This offer includes all the technologies usually used to create professional sites: PHP, MySQL, FTP and SSH access, SSL certificates, Site Creator and easy installation of current WordPress or CMS, etc.

Cloud Server

Professional Web Hosting

With a Cloud Server, resources allocated to you are not shared with other clients and you can customize the hardware and software configuration of your server according to your needs. A Cloud Server also allows you to use Components which are not available on shared accommodation (Node.js, MongoliaDB, Sol, FFMPEG, etc.).

• One Cloud Server allows you to easily manage your server via the same administration interface as web hosting - you manage sites in the same way.
• One VPS allows you to manage your server 100% autonomously with the version of Windows or Linux distribution of your choice (Debian, Ubuntu, openSUSE, ...) - solid technical skills are required to use a VPS, including VPS Lite.

Public Cloud

Open, proven and secure IaaS solution

For Infomaniak it is the infrastructure that propels kDrive, Swiss Backup and Webmail, services used by millions of users. But Public Cloud is accessible to everyone and makes available the resources you need for the development of your projects.

With personalized and tailor-made offers you won't have any trouble managing your development budget. No commissioning fee. No minimum amount. Resiliable at any time. You only pay for the resources actually used with Public Cloud at the end of each month.

Jelastic Cloud

Custom accommodation with the technologies of your choice

Jelastic Cloud allows you to create custom development environments with the technologies of your choice (PHP, Node.js, Java, Docker, Ruby, etc.). This is a flexible cloud offering:

• Horizontal and vertical resizing of resources
• payment according to actual consumption of resources
• easy customization of your infrastructure (redundancy, IP, SSL, load distribution, etc.)

This guide explains how to update an SSL Let's Encrypt certificate for a website hosted by Infomaniak.

Preamble

• It may be necessary as a result of the addition or deletion of aliases to a website regenerating a certificate to include new domain names related to the website.
• The dashboard will clearly indicate that one of the domains related to the site is not included in the SSL certificate in place:
  
  

Update a Let's Encrypt Certificate

To access certificate management:

1. Click here in order to access the management of your product on the Manager Infomaniak (Need help?).
2. Click directly on the nameallocated to the product concerned:
   
3. Click on the action menu ⋮.
4. Click on Change Certificate:
   
5. Choose the type of certificate to update.
6. Click on the button Next:
   
7. Check or select the relevant domains.
8. Click on the button Install:
   

This guide lists the supported operating systems (Linux distributions) that can be installed when ordering a VPS Cloud / VPS Lite.

Prerequisites

• Set a password for your user after connecting to the private key the first time, in particular to help troubleshoot your server by connecting via the VNC console in case of a problem.

Linux distributions supported natively
 

Debian

If you come from the Debian community, then a server of this type would be an excellent choice, an alternative to CentOS offered below. The Debian Editions are very stable especially since "Buster" or more recently "Bookworm" (Debian 12). Read more

Ubuntu

If you are familiar with Ubuntu as a desktop version, you may want to have it on your server. Read more

FreeBSD

FreeBSD's basic code has been continuously developed, improved and optimized for more than 30 years. It is developed and maintained by an important team of people. FreeBSD offers advanced network features, advanced security and high performance. Read more

openSUSE

This distribution is ideal for beginners, experienced users and ultra geeks, in short, it is suitable for everyone!Read more

CentOS

CentOS is the most popular distribution for a web server and therefore has great support, either on the community forum, or anywhere on the Web. CentOS editions are very stable, in the long term. Read more

Other Linux distributions

Infomaniak regularly adds new Linux distributions:

• Fedora
• Rancheros
• ArchLinux
• AlmaLinux
• RockyLinux

Specific distribution / disc image

Only official images can be installed and Infomaniak does not install any operating system from an ISO disk image. If you want to install a specific distribution, you can do so by importing the image on Public Cloud.

This guide explains how modify PHP version directly in command line when you run PHP scripts using PHP CLI (Order Line Interface) on a Web hosting Infomaniak.

Preamble

• This can be useful when you need to temporarily change certain settings for a specific script or for a PHP session.
• If you only use the mention php below, it is the release before the one that was already in place that will be installed (last version -1): if the last version installed is 8.1, it is 8.0 that will be used with "php"). Preference should be given to the indication php-7.0, php-7.1, etc. so that the version does not change as updates are made.
• Be aware of this other guide if you are looking for information about the configuration of the PHP version defined on the Infomaniak Manager.
   

Edit PHP version used in CLI

It is possible to easily modify the PHP version used in command line (CLI) via SSH:

1. Log in to the SSH server (Need help?).

2. Create a file .profile if there is no:

   touch ~/.profile

3. Edit file .profile:

   nano ~/.profile

4. Add this code inside the file to choose the desired php version:

   export PATH=/opt/php7.4/bin:$PATH

5. Load file .profile:

   source ~/.profile

6. Check the version of php:

   php -v

Interactive mode

The file .profile mentioned above is only loaded when the user interface is used. In SSH ( login mode), this is the file .bash_profile Who's psyched. And in interactive (non-login) mode, it's the file .bashrc Who's psyched.

Some server deployment scripts open sessions in interactive mode ( non-login) and environment variables are not loaded into PATH even if the SSH session is properly configured.

In this case you have to load the php version in the file .bashrc (export PATH="/opt/php7.4/bin:$PATH"), and source in files >.bash_profile and .profile the file .bashrc (. ~/.bashrc).

After following these steps, the PHP version you have specified should be loaded into your shell environment every time you log in again. This will allow you to run scripts using this command line PHP (CLI) version.

This guide explains how to install applications, PHP extensions and technologies (non-exhaustive list below) in just a few clicks on Cloud Server only.

Install (or uninstall) PHP Apps/Extensions...

To find the list of technologies and proceed with their installation:

1. Click here to access the management of your Cloud Server on the Infomaniak Manager (Need help?).
2. Click directly on the nameassigned to the relevant Cloud Server.
3. Click on PHP Extensions or on Fast Install in the left side menu:
   
   
    
4. Click on the action menu ⋮ to the right of the extension you want to uninstall in the array that appears.
5. Click on Uninstall.
6. Otherwise click the blue button Install an extension to make your choice of new installation:
   

Non-exhaustive list of apps & extensions available

• AdvanceCOMP
• BuildingEssential
• electron_dev
• ExifTool
• FFmpeg
• Ghostscript
• Gifsicle
• GraphicsMagick
• PAHroxy
• Imagemagick
• Jpegoptim
• libjpeg_turbo
• libqrencode
• libX11_xcb1
• MidnightOrder
• Memcached
• MongoliaDB
• NVM Node Version Manager
• OptiPNG
• p7zip
• PDFtk
• PHP_APCu
• PHP_CLI        
• PHP_FPM
• PHP_GnuPG
• PHP_gRPC
• PHP_igbinary
• PHP_IonCube
• PHP_OPcache
• PHP_PDF
• PHP_PDO_ODBC
• PHP_Swoole
• pip
• Pngcrush
• Pngquant
• Say again
• RRDtool The Round Robin Database Tool
• RubyCompass
• systemd
• tesseract_ocr
• Varnish
• Virtualenv
• WebP
• xauth
• xpdf
• xvfb
• ZSH