Knowledge base

This guide explains how to use PHP environment variables with Web Hosting that runs on php-fpm.

Preamble

Using environment variables

To use PHP environment variables:

1. Define the PHP environment variables in a .htaccess file:

   • SetEnv EXAMPLEVARIABLE hello

2. In your PHP file, the name of the variable to call corresponds to the same variable name defined in the environment variable:

   • <?php getenv('EXAMPLEVARIABLE');

In this example, the displayed result will be hello.

Going further with environment variables

It is possible to configure environment variables directly from the Manager for your entire website:

1. Click here to access the management of your site on the Infomaniak Manager (need help?).
2. Click directly on the name assigned to the site concerned:
   
3. Click on Manage advanced settings:
   
4. Click on the PHP / Apache tab:
   
5. Further down on the page, click on the chevron to expand the Environment Variables section.
6. Click on the icon Add.
7. Enter the variable and its value.
8. Click the button to save:
   

This guide explains how to use GnuPG / PGP with PHP on an Infomaniak Cloud Server, following the obsolescence of the native extension (pure PHP alternatives or modern wrappers are preferred).

Preamble

• The system extension PHP_GnuPG is no longer maintained by the PHP community and is therefore no longer available on recent environments.
• Two main alternatives in Pure PHP (installable via Composer) allow you to continue signing or encrypting your data securely.

Option 1: Crypt_GPG (Recommended)

This library acts as a wrapper: it communicates directly with the gpg binary installed on your Cloud Server. It is the most performant and stable solution.

To install it, connect via SSH and run this command at the root of your project:

# Install the PEAR Crypt_GPG package via Composer
composer require pear/crypt_gpg

Example of usage to encrypt a message (object-oriented approach):

<?php
require_once 'vendor/autoload.php';

try {
    // Initialize the GPG object
    $gpg = new Crypt_GPG();

    // Set the recipient email (must match a public key already imported on the server)
    $gpg->addEncryptKey('contact@example.com');

    $message = "This is a secret message.";
    
    // Encrypt the data
    $enveloppe = $gpg->encrypt($message);
    
    echo $enveloppe;
} catch (Exception $e) {
    // Handle potential encryption errors
    echo "Error: " . $e->getMessage();
}

Option 2: OpenPGP.php (Independent)

This library is entirely written in PHP. Its main advantage is that it does not depend on the server's gpg binary, ensuring total portability of your code across different environments.

# Install the OpenPGP.php library
composer require singpolyma/openpgp-php

Example of basic structure:

<?php
require_once 'vendor/autoload.php';

// Use the library classes to handle OpenPGP packets 
// directly in PHP without system calls to the GPG binary.
// Example: $msg = OpenPGP_Message::parse(OpenPGP::unarmor($data));

This guide concerns the ODBC functions of PHP.

Open Database Connectivity functions

These are the functions used to interact with databases via the ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) interface, a standard for accessing data sources uniformly. Here are some examples of using the ODBC functions of PHP:

• Being able to read data from an external database and display it on your website
• Insert or modify data in an external database
• Perform complex queries on an external database

This guide explains how to configure the PHP settings for web hosting directly from the command line when running PHP scripts using PHP CLI (Command Line Interface).

Introduction

• This type of configuration can be useful when you need to temporarily modify certain parameters for a specific script or for a PHP session.
• These changes will only be valid for the execution of the current script and will not modify the global PHP configuration.

Modify PHP CLI Settings

For example, to temporarily modify the settings for a specific script without having to modify the global PHP server configuration, follow the method below. With the PHP CLI environment, you can specify multiple PHP settings at the same time by separating them with spaces.

Using the -d parameter

When running PHP from the command line, you can use the -d parameter to specify PHP configurations. This allows you to modify PHP settings for that specific execution. For example, to set the maximum execution time to 90 seconds, the memory limit to 256 MB, and disable safe mode, you can do so as follows:

php -d max_execution_time=90 -d memory_limit=256M -d safe_mode=Off -f test.php

This guide explains how to modify the PHP version used in the command line (PHP CLI) on an Infomaniak Web Hosting.

Preamble

• Useful for configuring a specific script or PHP command line (CLI) session.
• To modify the PHP version of the Web server (FPM/Apache) via the Manager, refer to this other guide.

Default PHP CLI version

The php command uses the default server version. Check the active version with this command:

# Check current PHP version
php -v

For the stability of your scripts, use an explicit path (e.g., php8.2) or modify your PATH variable.

Modify the PHP version in CLI

You can configure the PHP version automatically loaded in your SSH session via two main files.

1. Using .bashrc (Recommended)

The ~/.bashrc file is read when opening an interactive shell.

1. Open the file (or create it if it does not exist):

   touch ~/.bashrc
   nano ~/.bashrc

2. Add this line to define the desired version (example with PHP 8.3):

   export PATH="/opt/php8.3/bin:$PATH"

3. Refresh the configuration:

   source ~/.bashrc

4. Check the change:

   php -v
   which php

2. Using .profile (Alternative)

The ~/.profile file is read upon SSH connection (login mode).

1. Modify the file:

   nano ~/.profile

2. Add the export line:

   export PATH="/opt/php8.3/bin:$PATH"

3. Load .bashrc systematically

To apply the configuration to all types of sessions, add this code to your ~/.bash_profile or ~/.profile files:

# Load .bashrc if it exists
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc; fi

Run a specific version temporarily

To run a script with a specific version without changing your global environment, call the binary directly:

# Execute with a specific version
/opt/php8.2/bin/php my_script.php
/opt/php8.3/bin/php -v

Once these steps are completed, your SSH sessions and CLI scripts will use the selected PHP version by default.

This guide explains how to change the PHP version available for your Infomaniak Web Hosting sites.

Preamble

• It is possible to switch from an old and potentially vulnerable PHP version to a recent one, but you will no longer be able to revert to this vulnerable version for security reasons.
• The change is effective immediately and permanently.
• Refer to this other guide if you are looking for information about configuring the PHP version used in SSH.
• It may be necessary to update your hosting in advance to access the very latest PHP versions offered by Infomaniak.

Change the PHP version used for a website

It is possible to easily change the PHP version used on an entire website:

1. Click here to access your site management on the Infomaniak Manager (need help?).
2. Click directly on the name assigned to the site in question.
3. Click on More information.
4. Click on Modify:
   
5. Choose the desired PHP version.
6. Click on Save at the bottom of the page to save the modification:
   

This guide explains why using an outdated version of PHP that is no longer officially supported is dangerous and how to use a more recent version of PHP with a website hosted by Infomaniak.

Is an outdated version of PHP dangerous?

When you use a PHP version that is (soon) vulnerable on one or more of your websites, a warning message will appear in the dashboard of the hosting accounts concerned.

The PHP language is constantly evolving, and when you use a PHP version that is no longer updated, you expose your website to security risks. Malicious individuals could, for example, exploit known security vulnerabilities to gain access to your site and modify its content. It is therefore strongly recommended to always use a recent version of PHP.

3 situations are possible:

• the PHP version is fully supported: no action is required
• this PHP version only receives security updates: it is recommended to use a more recent version of PHP
• the PHP version is no longer supported: it is strongly recommended to use a more recent version of PHP

Using a more recent version

The latest versions of PHP offer improved performance and accelerate website loading times.

Before using a more recent version of PHP, it is important to follow these precautions:

• If your website uses a CMS or web application(WordPress, Joomla, Drupal, etc.), ensure that the current version of the CMS is supported by the PHP version you wish to use.
• If your website was developed manually, consult the official PHP documentation to learn about the modified functions and any potential changes that may affect the operation of your code.

If a malfunction occurs after migrating to a newer version of PHP, it is sometimes possible to revert to a previous version, provided that it is still supported!

This guide shows you how to modify the error_reporting() directive on your website.

Enable error reporting

Enter the following 2 pieces of information in your .user.ini file:

display_errors=on
error_reporting=E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE & ~E_STRICT

If your browser does not display any errors or warnings, then there are none.

Disable PHP error display

For WordPress, edit the wp-config.php file and replace the line:

define('WP_DEBUG', false);

with:

ini_set('display_errors','Off');
ini_set('error_reporting', E_ALL );
define('WP_DEBUG', false);
define('WP_DEBUG_DISPLAY', false);

Otherwise, you can add the following code to the .user.ini file:

display_errors=off

This guide explains how to enable support for certain file types (e.g., .inc) on an Infomaniak web hosting account, so that they are processed in the same way as a .php file.

Introduction

• Previously, you had to add the following line to a .htaccess file:
  • AddType application/x-httpd-php .inc
  • This prevented the file's content from being displayed as text when accessed via a browser, instead of being correctly interpreted by PHP.
• Now you can manage file extensions via the FPM Extensions field in your hosting's Manager.

Manage PHP-recognized extensions

To add support for a specific file type:

1. Click here to access the management of your website in the Infomaniak Manager (need help?).
2. Click directly on the name assigned to the website in question:
   
3. Click on Manage advanced settings:
   
4. Click on the PHP / Apache tab:
   
5. Edit the FPM Extensions field to add the desired extensions.
6. Click the button at the bottom of the page to save:
   

This guide explains how to quickly install applications, PHP extensions, and technologies (non-exhaustive list below) in a few clicks on Managed Cloud Server only.

Install (or uninstall) apps / PHP extensions…

To find the list of technologies and proceed with their installation:

1. Click here to access the management of your Managed Cloud Server on the Infomaniak Manager (need help?).
2. Click directly on the name assigned to the Managed Cloud Server concerned:
   
3. Click in the left sidebar:
   1. PHP Extensions
      
   2. Fast Installer
      
4. Click on the action menu ⋮ to the right of the extension you want to uninstall in the table that appears.
5. Click on Uninstall.
6. Otherwise, click on the blue button Install an extension / Install an application:
   
7. Then make your choice for a new installation:
   

Non-exhaustive list of available apps & extensions

• AdvanceCOMP
• BuildEssential
• electron_dev
• ExifTool
• FFmpeg ↗ guide
• Ghostscript
• Gifsicle
• GraphicsMagick
• HAProxy
• Imagemagick ↗ guide
• Jpegoptim
• libjpeg_turbo
• libqrencode
• libX11_xcb1
• MidnightCommander
• Memcached ↗ guide
• mongoDB ↗ guide
• NVM Node Version Manager
• OptiPNG
• p7zip
• PDFtk
• PHP_APCu
• PHP_CLI ↗ guide
• PHP_FPM
• PHP_GnuPG (obsolete extension) ↗ guide for the PHP pure alternative
• PHP_gRPC
• PHP_igbinary
• PHP_IonCube ↗ guide
• PHP_OPcache
• PHP_PDF
• PHP_PDO_ODBC ↗ guide
• PHP_Swoole
• pip
• Pngcrush
• Pngquant
• Redis ↗ guide
• RRDTool The Round Robin Database Tool
• RubyCompass
• systemd ↗ guide
• tesseract_ocr
• varnish ↗ guide
• virtualenv
• WebP
• xauth
• xpdf
• xvfb
• ZSH

This guide explains how to customize the limits of a site hosted on a Web Hosting mutualized or a Cloud Server.

Unlock or adjust the limits of a site

To access the website management:

1. Click here to access the management of your site on the Infomaniak Manager (need help?).
2. Click directly on the name assigned to the site concerned:
   
3. Click on Manage advanced settings:
   
4. Click on the tab PHP / Apache:
   

You can notably...

• ... unlock for 60 minutes the memory limit (memory_limit = 1280 MB) and the maximum execution time of scripts (max_execution_time = 60 minutes):
  
  • This unlock is possible up to 10 times per year.
• ... customize the limits of:
  • max_execution_time (in seconds)
  • memory_limit (in MB)
  • post_max_size & upload_max_filesize (maximum file size for sending, in MB)
  • Cloud Server only: Max children (refer to this other guide)
  • Cloud Server only: Max input time

Maximum values by hosting type

This guide explains how to enable the following functions on Web Hosting (in italics, Managed Cloud Server only):

• proc_open
• popen
• exec()
• shell_exec()
• set_time_limit
• passthru
• system

Enable PHP functions

To access website management:

1. Click here to access your website management on the Infomaniak Manager (need help?).
2. Click directly on the name assigned to the site in question:
   
3. Click on Manage advanced settings:
   
4. Click on the PHP / Apache tab:
   
5. Click on the On/Off toggle buttons as desired:
   
6. Click the Save button at the bottom of the page to apply the changes.

This guide explains how to use PHPMailer with Infomaniak Web Hosting to send emails from a website.

⚠ WARNING ⚠

Infomaniak guarantees that its services comply with standard protocols (IMAP, S3, etc.), but does not provide additional support for external services or software, as their configuration may change depending on the provider or publisherThis guide is therefore provided for informational purposes only, and its implementation remains your responsibility (see: Support Policy / Art. 11.9 of the Terms of Service). If needed, a qualified professional can assist you.

Introduction

• PHPMailer is a PHP library that allows you to create and send emails from a website, particularly via SMTP.
• It allows you to send messages in HTML format, add an alternative text version, manage attachments, and use SMTP authentication.
• For authenticated sending via SMTP, the PHP environment used by the website must be compatible with a recent encrypted connection, specifically TLS 1.2 or higher.
  • An outdated version of PHP or the OpenSSL library used by PHP may cause a connection or authentication error, even if the email address and password are correct.
  • Do not use PHP 5.3/5.4 for this type of sending; use a recent and supported version of PHP.
• With authenticated SMTP sending, the address used as the sender must match the email address used for SMTP authentication.

Install PHPMailer

To use PHPMailer, install the library in your website's files.

1. Download PHPMailer from its official repository or install it with Composer if your project uses it.
2. Copy the PHPMailer files into a directory on your website via FTP.

3. Upload the necessary files to your PHP script, adapting the path according to the chosen location:

   use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer;
   use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\Exception;
   
   require **DIR** . '/PHPMailer/src/Exception.php';
   require **DIR** . '/PHPMailer/src/PHPMailer.php';
   require **DIR** . '/PHPMailer/src/SMTP.php';

Configure SMTP sending with Infomaniak

Use the following authenticated SMTP settings:

• SMTP server: mail.infomaniak.com
• Port: 465
• Encryption: SMTPS / SSL-TLS
• Authentication: required
• Username: the complete email address
• Password: the password for the email address used

Example of a complete configuration:

<?php

use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer;
use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\Exception;

require **DIR** . '/PHPMailer/src/Exception.php';
require **DIR** . '/PHPMailer/src/PHPMailer.php';
require **DIR** . '/PHPMailer/src/SMTP.php';

$mail = new PHPMailer(true);

try {
// Configuration SMTP
$mail->isSMTP();
$mail->Host       = 'mail.infomaniak.com';
$mail->SMTPAuth   = true;
$mail->Username   = '[sender@domain.xyz](mailto:sender@domain.xyz)';
$mail->Password   = 'mot_de_passe_de_l_adresse_mail';
$mail->SMTPSecure = PHPMailer::ENCRYPTION_SMTPS;
$mail->Port       = 465;
$mail->CharSet    = 'UTF-8';

```
// Expéditeur
// L'adresse doit correspondre à celle utilisée pour l'authentification SMTP.
$mail->setFrom('sender@domain.xyz', 'Nom du site');

// Destinataire
$mail->addAddress('recipient@example.com');

// Adresse de réponse facultative
$mail->addReplyTo('sender@domain.xyz', 'Nom du site');

// Contenu du message
$mail->isHTML(true);
$mail->Subject = 'Message envoyé depuis le site';
$mail->Body    = '<p>Contenu HTML du message.</p>';
$mail->AltBody = 'Contenu texte du message.';

$mail->send();
echo 'Message envoyé';
```

} catch (Exception $e) {
echo 'Le message n'a pas pu être envoyé. Erreur: ' . htmlspecialchars($mail->ErrorInfo);
}

If your application requires the use of port 587, use STARTTLS:

$mail->SMTPSecure = PHPMailer::ENCRYPTION_STARTTLS;
$mail->Port       = 587;

Check the PHP version and TLS compatibility

Authenticated SMTP sending requires a recent encrypted connection. If the site uses an outdated version of PHP, for example PHP 5.3, or an outdated OpenSSL library, PHPMailer may fail before or during authentication. The errors may then be misleading, for example:

• SMTP connect() failed
• Could not authenticate
• stream_socket_enable_crypto()
• an authentication error even though the password is correct

In this case, check the following:

1. the PHP version used by the website;
2. the OpenSSL version used by PHP;
3. the version of PHPMailer used by your project;
4. the correspondence between the SMTP port and the chosen encryption method.

For reliable configuration, use a recent version of PHP that is compatible with TLS 1.2 or higher, as well as a current version of PHPMailer. If necessary, refer to these guides:

• Change the PHP version of a website
• Troubleshoot a PHP issue related to an outdated version
• Display the website's technical information

Resolving a Sender Mismatch Error

The error Sender mismatch SMTP code: 550 Additional SMTP info: 5.7.1 can occur when the address used as the sender does not match the email address used for SMTP authentication. Here is an example to avoid:

$mail->Username = 'sender@domain.xyz';
$mail->setFrom('another-address@domain.xyz', 'Nom du site');

In this example, the script authenticates with sender@domain.xyz, but attempts to send the message using a different sender address.

Use the same email address for SMTP authentication and for the sender:

$mail->Username = 'sender@domain.xyz';
$mail->setFrom('sender@domain.xyz', 'Nom du site');

The sender name can be customized, but the email address must remain consistent with the SMTP account used.

In the case of a contact form

If a visitor enters their email address in a form, do not use it as the sender's address for the message. Use the authenticated email address as the sender, and then add the visitor's address as the reply-to address.

Example:

$mail->Username = 'sender@domain.xyz';
$mail->setFrom('sender@domain.xyz', 'Formulaire du site');
$mail->addReplyTo($email_visiteur);

This configuration allows you to respond to visitors from your email software without sending the message with an unauthorized sender address.

Temporarily enable debug mode

In case of an error, temporarily enable PHPMailer's debug mode to obtain more details about the SMTP connection:

$mail->SMTPDebug = 2;
$mail->Debugoutput = 'html';

Disable this mode after your tests to avoid displaying technical information to website visitors.

Learn more

• Authenticated Mail (SMTP) from a Website
• Unauthenticated mail via PHP mail()
• Official PHPMailer documentation

This guide explains how to access the configuration of an Infomaniak website to display technical information such as the PHP, Apache version, or the activated PHP extensions and modules.

View the website's technical information

To access the website management:

1. Click here to access the management of your site on the Infomaniak Manager (need help?).
2. Click directly on the name assigned to the site concerned:
   
3. Click on Manage advanced settings:
   
4. Take note of the website information under the General, PHP / Apache and PHP Extensions tabs.
5. Click on Databases in the left sidebar to get the MySQL version of the web hosting:
   

This guide explains how to access phpMyAdmin with Web Hosting.

Preamble

• phpMyAdmin is an open-source administration tool designed to manage your MySQL and MariaDB databases via an intuitive web interface.
• It allows you to perform complex operations such as executing SQL queries, creating tables, or importing and exporting data without having to use the command line.

Access phpMyAdmin

To access Web Hosting in the Databases section:

1. Click here to access your hosting management on the Infomaniak Manager (need help?).
2. Click directly on the name assigned to the hosting concerned:
   
3. Click on the chevron ‍ to the right of Databases in the left sidebar menu.
4. Click on Databases in the left sidebar menu.
5. Click on Connect to phpMyAdmin:
   
   • The correct server and a temporary user are automatically filled in.

You can also click on the action menu ⋮ located to the right of a database user:

• The correct server is automatically filled in.
• The password to enter corresponds to the database user (the one you chose when creating the MySQL user to redefine if you have forgotten it):

This guide explains how to modify the variables of the PHP-CLI extension, which is available by default on Infomaniak's Cloud Server.

Modifying PHP_CLI variables

To access the PHP extensions for your Cloud Server:

1. Click here to access the management of your Cloud Server in the Infomaniak Manager (need help?).
2. Click directly on the name assigned to the Cloud Server in question.
3. Click on PHP Extensions in the left-hand menu.
4. Click on the action menu ⋮ to the right of PHP-CLI in the table that appears.
5. Click on Configure:
   
6. Modify the following variables: allow_url_fopen, allow_url_include, memory_limit, max_execution_time, short_open_tag, allow_local_infile
7. Click the blue Save button.

The possible information_schema indication does not concern you directly.

This is an internal MySQL database that provides a summary of the information from your own databases.

This guide explains the differences between Infomaniak's web hosting plans to help you choose the best solution based on your IT needs.

1. Site Creator

Standalone plans, independent of a hosting solution such as the one presented in point 3.

Site Creator is a ready-to-use solution that allows you to easily create a showcase website, a blog, or an e-commerce store without any specific technical skills. Offered as a standalone solution (without requiring traditional web hosting), it is available in several plans to suit your needs:

• Site Creator Free: a free version to test and customize a web page with basic features
• Site Creator Lite: ideal for publishing a showcase website or blog (up to 6 web pages, 15 GB of disk space, and a free domain name for 1 year)
• Site Creator Pro: the complete solution for online stores (unlimited pages, 50 GB of disk space, e-commerce features with payment and inventory management, free domain name for 1 year)

Learn more about the Site Creator plans and compare features.

2. Web Hosting Starter

Simple and free web hosting

The Starter web hosting plan is offered free of charge with every domain name registered with Infomaniak. It offers 10 MB of disk space to create a website (basic pages in HTML only - no PHP, no database) even without specific knowledge, thanks to the Welcome Page tool.

• Register or transfer a domain name to Infomaniak
• Learn more about the benefits included with a domain name

3. Shared Web Hosting

The flagship offer for creating your websites

These web hosting solutions are shared hosting offers (websites will be hosted on servers whose resources are shared with other customers). To guarantee the reliability of these shared services, Infomaniak servers use, on average, only 40% of the CPU power and are equipped with professional, latest-generation SSD disks.

Web hosting offers a minimum of 250 GB of disk space and allows you to manage multiple websites with multiple domain names. This offer includes all the technologies usually used to create professional websites: PHP, MySQL, FTP and SSH access, SSL certificates and easy installation of WordPress or common CMS, etc. It is also possible to add a Node.js site and/or Site Creator.

3. Cloud Server

Professional Web Hosting

With a Cloud Server,the resources allocated to you are not shared with other customersand you can customize the hardware and software configuration of your server according to your needs. A Cloud Server also allows you to use components that are not available on shared web hosting (Node.js, mongoDB, Sol, FFMPEG, etc.).

• A Cloud Server allows you to easily manage your server via the same administration interface as your web hosting – you manage websites in the same way.
• A VPS allows you to manage your server 100% independently with the Windows version or the Linux distribution of your choice (Debian, Ubuntu, openSUSE, ...) – solid technical skills are required to use a VPS, including VPS Lite.

4. Public Cloud (et Kubernetes Service)

Open, reliable, and secure IaaS solution

For Infomaniak, this is the infrastructure that powers kDrive, Swiss Backup, and Webmail, services used by several million users. But Public Cloud is accessible to everyone and provides the resources you need to develop your projects.

With our custom and tailored offers, you'll have no trouble managing your development budget. No setup fees. No minimum amount. Cancel anytime. You only pay for the resources you actually use with Public Cloud at the end of each month, the same applies to Kubernetes Service.

5. Jelastic Cloud

Custom web hosting with the technologies of your choice

Jelastic Cloud allows you to create custom development environments with the technologies of your choice (PHP, Java, Docker, Ruby, etc.). It is a flexible cloud offering:

• Horizontal and vertical resizing of resources.
• Payment based on actual resource consumption.
• Easy customization of your infrastructure (redundancy, IP, SSL, load balancing, etc.).

This guide explains how to transfer to Infomaniak data (Web, Mail, Domain, and even Cloud) currently hosted elsewhereYou remain the owner of your data, with no loss or interruption!

Introduction

• By consolidating your domain names, websites, and email addresses with Infomaniak, you simplify the management of your invoices and services.
• Furthermore, your domains will be automatically linked to your website and email address.
  • You will not need to manually configure the DNS settings for your domains with another registrar.

Specific guides

Click on the link corresponding to your current hosting provider:

• Swisscom: complete guide to migrating Web, Mail, and domain name data

Guides for any other hosting provider

To avoid interrupting your website and email services and prevent data loss when importing your existing data, migrate your services in the order indicated:

1. Import Web data (any PHP, HTML, etc. website)

   • For WordPress specifically, please refer to this other guide…
     

2. Copy Mail data (addresses and mailbox content, etc.) to kSuite or a simple Mail Service

3. Transfer the domain name (domain management, DNS zone, etc.)

You can also transfer other types of data to Infomaniak servers:

• Dropbox, Google Drive, etc. content: refer to this other guide
• Data on Synology or QNAP NAS: please refer to this other guide